45 research outputs found
Dynamical model of DNA-protein interaction: effect of protein charge distribution and mechanical properties
The mechanical model based on beads and springs, which we recently proposed
to study non-specific DNA-protein interactions [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 015103
(2009)], was improved by describing proteins as sets of interconnected beads
instead of single beads. In this paper, we first compare the results obtained
with the updated model with those of the original one and then use it to
investigate several aspects of the dynamics of DNA sampling, which could not be
accounted for by the original model. These aspects include the effect on the
speed of DNA sampling of the regularity and/or randomness of the protein charge
distribution, the charge and location of the search site, and the shape and
deformability of the protein. We also discuss the efficiency of facilitated
diffusion, that is, the extent to which the combination of 1D sliding along the
DNA and 3D diffusion in the cell can lead to faster sampling than pure 3D
diffusion of the protein.Comment: accepted in JC
Digital Commons and Management towards Sustainability, Equity and Resilience
This Research in Progress paper is a literature review on management activities and processes that take place within the digital commons, through the lenses of three pillars: sustainability, equity and resilience. The aim is to examine previous studies, in order to be able to answer the following question: how can the environmental sustainability, equity and resilience of digital commons be improved? Initial research shows few results on this topic. But, more than answers, this literature review highlights three avenues of research
Free energy landscape and characteristic forces for the initiation of DNA unzipping
DNA unzipping, the separation of its double helix into single strands, is
crucial in modulating a host of genetic processes. Although the large-scale
separation of double-stranded DNA has been studied with a variety of
theoretical and experimental techniques, the minute details of the very first
steps of unzipping are still unclear. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations, coarse-grained simulations and a statistical-mechanical model
to study the initiation of DNA unzipping by an external force. The calculation
of the potential of mean force profiles for the initial separation of the first
few terminal base pairs in a DNA oligomer reveal that forces ranging between
130 and 230 pN are needed to disrupt the first base pair, values of an order of
magnitude larger than those needed to disrupt base pairs in partially unzipped
DNA. The force peak has an "echo," of approximately 50 pN, at the distance that
unzips the second base pair. We show that the high peak needed to initiate
unzipping derives from a free energy basin that is distinct from the basins of
subsequent base pairs because of entropic contributions and we highlight the
microscopic origin of the peak. Our results suggest a new window of exploration
for single molecule experiments.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures , Accepted for publication in Biophysical Journa
Description of non-specific DNA-protein interaction and facilitated diffusion with a dynamical model
We propose a dynamical model for non-specific DNA-protein interaction, which
is based on the 'bead-spring' model previously developed by other groups, and
investigate its properties using Brownian Dynamics simulations. We show that
the model successfully reproduces some of the observed properties of real
systems and predictions of kinetic models. For example, sampling of the DNA
sequence by the protein proceeds via a succession of 3d motion in the solvent,
1d sliding along the sequence, short hops between neighboring sites, and
intersegmental transfers. Moreover, facilitated diffusion takes place in a
certain range of values of the protein effective charge, that is, the
combination of 1d sliding and 3d motion leads to faster DNA sampling than pure
3d motion. At last, the number of base pairs visited during a sliding event is
comparable to the values deduced from single-molecule experiments. We also
point out and discuss some discrepancies between the predictions of this model
and some recent experimental results as well as some hypotheses and predictions
of kinetic models
Endoscopic treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome: a case study in Bucharest – Romania
Background. Carpal tunnel syndrome is currently the most common peripheral nerve compression neuropathy that affects approximately 1% of the population. The incidence of CTS seems to be increasing. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic studies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the endoscopic technique on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. In addition, we want to demonstrate if this condition occurs more in men than in women.
Methods. In a group of 53 patients we used the endoscopic technique for the treatment of carpal syndrome, and as a measure of its effectiveness we used the Phalen, Durken and Tinel tests. Also, for the qualitative analysis of the data, the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were taken into account.
Results. We identified statistically significant differences between men and women regarding the occurrence of carpal syndrome, women having significantly lower results than men in the Phalen, Durken and Tinel tests (X2Phalen(2) =17.33, X2Durken(2) =15.94, X2Tinel(2) =10.76, p<0.05). There are statistically significant differences between the results of the Phalen, Durken and Tinel tests before and after surgery (WPhalen=111.24, WDurken=139.91, WTinel=102.46, p<0.05)
Applications of Corticosteroid Therapy in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Corticosteroids still remain the anchor drugs in therapy strategies for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases even though new drugs such as biologic or targeted synthetic molecules have emerged in the past years, being the most commonly prescribed medicines in the world due to their powerful immune-modulating properties. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the main characteristics of the glucocorticoids, their mechanism of action and effects on the immune system given the fact that they reduce the activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. Nevertheless, of great importance are the indications and tapering regimens, but also the adverse effects and various methods of monitoring the corticosteroid therapy
Dynamical versus statistical mesoscopic models for DNA denaturation
We recently proposed a dynamical mesoscopic model for DNA, which is based,
like statistical ones, on site-dependent finite stacking and pairing
enthalpies. In the present article, we first describe how the parameters of
this model are varied to get predictions in better agreement with experimental
results that were not addressed up to now, like mechanical unzipping, the
evolution of the critical temperature with sequence length, and temperature
resolution. We show that the model with the new parameters provides results
that are in quantitative agreement with those obtained from statistical models.
Investigation of the critical properties of the dynamical model suggests that
DNA denaturation looks like a first-order phase transition in a broad
temperature interval, but that there necessarily exists, very close to the
critical temperature, a crossover to another regime. The exact nature of the
melting dynamics in this second regime still has to be elucidated. We finally
point out that the descriptions of the physics of the melting transition
inferred from statistical and dynamical models are not completely identical and
discuss the relevance of our model from the biological point of view
Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I
Kinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. In the present study, we combine experiments and theory to explore the mechanisms of kinetochore capture at the onset of meiosis I in fission yeast. We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3-4 minutes. Our theory describes paired kinetochores on homologous chromosomes as a single object, as well as angular movement of microtubules and their dynamics. For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells